The Geological map of the Republic of Srpska (1:300.000) is the first clear map of Srpska that shows geological structure and the history of the terrain creation from the Paleozoic to the Quaternary, covering the period of more than 600 million years. Knowledge of geological structures is particularly important for every state, because it conditions the richness or poverty in terms of mineral resources. A type and kind of rocks are prerequisites for the creation of drinking water reserves, and bedrocks, together with climatic factors, condition the soil type important for food production. The relief is also conditioned by a geological structure and enables the utilization of water energy for electricity production.
The Basic Geological Map of the SFRY 1:100 000 was completed in the 1980s and published in the form of multiple sheets. The Geological Map of the Republic of Srpska 1:300 000 was produced in accordance with the Long-Term Program for the Development of Basic Geological Research of the Republic of Srpska due to the need for creating a unified geological map of the Republic of Srpska. This map was largely compiled from the geology of the aforementioned Basic Geological Map of the SFRY.